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Command privileges.
sudo command - run command as rootsudo su – root shell opensudo su user – open shell as a usersudo -k – forget your password sudogksudo command – sudo visual dialog (GNOME)kdesudo command – sudo visual dialog (KDE)sudo visudo – edit / etc / sudoersgksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME)kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE)passwd – change your password
Command Network
ifconfig – displays information networkiwconfig – displays information from wirelesssudo iwlist scan – scan wireless networkssudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network(file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configurationifup interface – bring online interfaceifdown interface – disable interface
Commands Display
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – reset X (Gnome)sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – reset X (KDE)(file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – show Configurationsudo dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure xserver-xorg-phigh - reset configuration XCtrl+Alt+Bksp – X display reset if frozenCtrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty NCtrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display
Commands Service System.
start service – service to start work (Upstart)stop service – service to stop working (Upstart)status service – check if service is running (Upstart)/etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV)/etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV)/etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV)/etc/init.d/service restart – reset service (SysV)runlevel – get current runlevel
Commands for Firewall.
ufw enable – turn on the firewallufw disable – turn off the firewallufw default allow – allow all connections by defaultufw default deny – drop all connections by defaultufw status – current rules andufw allow port – to allow traffic on portufw deny port – port blockufw deny from ip – ip block
Command System.
lsb_release -a – get the version of Ubuntuuname -r – get kernel versionuname -a – get all the information kernel
Commands for Package Manager.
apt-get update – refresh updates availableapt-get upgrade – update all packagesapt-get dist-upgrade – version updateapt-get install pkg – installing pkgapt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkgapt-get autoremove – removing packages obsotletosapt-get -f install – try to fix packagesdpkg –configure -a – try to fix a broken packagedpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb(file) /etc/apt/sources.list – list of repositories APT
Special Packages For commands.
ubuntu-desktop – Setting the standard Ubuntukubuntu-desktop – KDE Desktopxubuntu-desktop – desktop XFCEubuntu-minimal – core earnings Ubuntuubuntu-standard – the standard utilities Ubuntuubuntu-restricted-extras – not free, but usefulkubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto KDExubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto XFCEbuild-essential – packages used to compilelinux-image-generic – latest generic kernel imagelinux-headers-generic – latest headlines
Applications commands.
nautilus – File Manager (GNOME)dolphin – File Manager (KDE)konqueror – Web browser (KDE)kate – text editor (KDE)gedit – text editor (GNOME)
Happy Hacking! (-;
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